Hoverflies use a time-compensated sun compass to orientate during autumn migration
Richard Massy, Will L. S. Hawkes, Toby Doyle, Jolyon Troscianko, Myles H. M. Menz, Nicholas W. Roberts, Jason W. Chapman and Karl R. Wotton
一项新研究表明,食蚜蝇在冬季飞往南方时,会结合太阳和生物钟来导航。早上,这些昆虫让太阳保持在身体的左边,随着白天的推移逐渐调整以保持向南的路线。
花斑蛱蝶和黄棒蛱蝶是重要的传粉者,它们在英国和斯堪的纳维亚等地度过夏季,然后在秋季飞往地中海和北非。众所周知,这些迁徙发生在阳光明媚的日子。埃克塞特大学领导的新研究首次证明了食蚜蝇具有用“时间补偿太阳罗盘”的能力。
“只要朝太阳飞,它们就会向南飞,但这也会造成一条弯弯曲绕、效率低下的路线。”研究主要作者、埃克塞特大学彭林校区生态与保护中心的Richard Massy说,“我们的研究表明,食蚜蝇利用自身的昼夜节律来解释太阳的运动。其他动物,包括某些鸟类和蝴蝶,都有这种能力。不过我们的研究表明,这是在多种昆虫之间独立进化的。”
研究人员在比利牛斯山脉的一个山口捕捉到了迁徙的食蚜蝇。这些昆虫被放置在一个“飞行模拟器”中,该模拟器将它们固定在原地,但允许它们自由旋转。
食蚜蝇可以看到太阳,但不能看到地面(这意味着它们不能使用地标导航),研究结果显示,它们通过根据太阳的位置和一天中的时间调整航向,向南飞行。
进一步的测试是,将一些食蚜蝇放在人工照明环境中几天来改变它们的生物钟,然后测试它们的导航能力。随着昼夜节律被打乱,它们的飞行方向向西偏移,这支持其使用时间补偿太阳罗盘导航的结论。相关论文发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》。
“了解这些昆虫如何导航有助于预测它们的行动。”埃克塞特大学的卡尔·沃顿博士说,“这可能有助于采取保护措施,比如在关键迁徙时期限制使用杀虫剂。食蚜蝇也是蚜虫等农作物害虫的重要捕食者,所以了解它们的迁徙有助于将它们作为天然的害虫控制者。”
来源:中国科学报 冯维维
Abstract
The sun is the most reliable celestial cue for orientation available to daytime migrants. It is widely assumed that diurnal migratory insects use a ‘time-compensated sun compass’ to adjust for the changing position of the sun throughout the day, as demonstrated in some butterfly species. The mechanisms used by other groups of diurnal insect migrants remain to be elucidated. Migratory species of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are one of the most abundant and beneficial groups of diurnal migrants, providing multiple ecosystem services and undergoing directed seasonal movements throughout much of the temperate zone. To identify the hoverfly navigational strategy, a flight simulator was used to measure orientation responses of the hoverflies Scaeva pyrastri and Scaeva selenitica to celestial cues during their autumn migration. Hoverflies oriented southwards when they could see the sun and shifted this orientation westward following a 6 h advance of their circadian clocks. Our results demonstrate the use of a time-compensated sun compass as the primary navigational mechanism, consistent with field observations that hoverfly migration occurs predominately under clear and sunny conditions.