The regulation landscape of MAPK signaling cascade for thwarting Bacillus thuringiensis infection in an insect host
Zhaojiang Guo, Shi Kang, Qingjun Wu, Shaoli Wang, Neil Crickmore, Xuguo Zhou, Alejandra Bravo, Mario Soberón, Youjun Zhang
近日,中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所蔬菜害虫防控团队绘制了Bt Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的高抗小菜蛾中MAPK信号途径反式调控多个中肠受体基因和非受体同源基因差异表达的信号网络。该研究首次揭示了MAPK信号途径参与害虫抗药性的分子调控网络,研究结果对于指导重大农业害虫对Bt抗性的监测预警以及转Bt基因抗虫作物的抗性治理具有重要的理论和实践意义。相关成果在线发表于美国《公共科学图书馆—病原体》(PLoS Pathogens)。
小菜蛾是一种世界性危害的十字花科蔬菜作物重大害虫,每年在全球造成的经济损失高达40-50亿美元。苏云金芽胞杆菌(简称Bt)是一种革兰氏阳性细菌,能产生多种杀虫蛋白从而高效特异的杀死不同害虫,而对人畜环境安全无害。
目前,基于Bt杀虫蛋白研发的Bt生物杀虫剂和转Bt基因抗虫作物为全世界化学杀虫剂的减施、害虫绿色防控和农产品质量安全做出了极大贡献并取得了空前巨大的经济、社会和环境效益。然而,昆虫对Bt的快速抗性进化严重威胁着Bt生物杀虫剂和转Bt基因抗虫作物的研发推广和可持续应用。目前,至少已经有9种重要农业害虫在田间对Bt产生了高抗性。其中,小菜蛾是最早也是目前唯一被报道在田间对Bt生物杀虫剂产生高抗性的农业害虫。
前期,该团队在国际上首次揭示了蜕皮激素(20E)和保幼激素(JH) 含量升高及其串扰,可以激活BtR-1抗性基因座内一个丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号途径关键基因MAP4K4,进而反式调控多个中肠基因差异表达,使小菜蛾在维持正常生长发育的前提下对Bt杀虫蛋白完美进化产生高抗性,相关研究分别于2015年和2020年发表在PLoS Genetics和Nature Communications上。
该研究首先在全基因组范围对小菜蛾MAPK信号途径激酶基因进行鉴定,随后通过磷酸化蛋白质组鉴定得到在Bt杀虫蛋白Cry1Ac抗性种群中磷酸化水平上升的MAPK信号途径激酶。进一步的功能实验表明,MAPK信号途径的上游关键激酶MAP4K4可以通过MAP3K—MAP2K—MAPK的多级级联信号网络,调控下游中肠受体和非受体同源基因差异表达,从而使小菜蛾对Bt Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白产生高抗性。
该研究最终揭示了MAPK信号途径在调控小菜蛾Bt Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白抗性的信号线路图谱,为全面阐明MAPK信号途径对Bt杀虫蛋白抗性的层级调控模式奠定了基础。
蔬菜害虫防控团队郭兆将研究员和博士后康师(现为河北大学生科院特聘教授)为本论文共同第一作者,张友军研究员与郭兆将研究员为论文共同通讯作者。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金重点项目、国家优青项目以及中国农业科学院科技创新工程等项目资助。
来源:中国科学报 李晨
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions are central components of ecological networks where the MAPK signaling pathways act as central hubs of these complex interactions. We have previously shown that an insect hormone modulated MAPK signaling cascade participates as a general switch to trans-regulate differential expression of diverse midgut genes in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) to cope with the insecticidal action of Cry1Ac toxin, produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The relationship between topology and functions of this four-tiered phosphorylation signaling cascade, however, is an uncharted territory. Here, we carried out a genome-wide characterization of all the MAPK orthologs in P. xylostella to define their phylogenetic relationships and to confirm their evolutionary conserved modules. Results from quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses, combined with functional validations studies using specific inhibitors and dsRNAs lead us to establish a MAPK “road map”, where p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways, in large part, mount a resistance response against Bt toxins through regulating the differential expression of multiple Cry toxin receptors and their non-receptor paralogs in P. xylostella midgut. These data not only advance our understanding of host-pathogen interactions in agricultural pests, but also inform the future development of biopesticides that could suppress Cry resistance phenotypes.