The antibiotic resistome of swine manure is significantly altered by association with the Musca domestica larvae gut microbiome
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2016年8月2日，浙江大学资环学院副教授张志剑课题组公布，他们发现蝇蛆肠道“微环境”能对畜禽粪便中残留的抗生素与耐药基因进行生物转化。这项技术将为解决全国畜禽养殖业抗生素残留污染及其耐药基因扩散难题，带来新的方案。该研究成果近日在线发表在《国际微生物生态学会会刊》（The ISME Journal）上。
抗生素过量使用及滥用已成为全球性公共健康问题。以畜禽养殖业——生猪为例，我国每头生猪的抗生素平均使用量是美国的4倍多，直接导致数量可观的残留抗生素以及抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）等新型污染物在猪粪便中富集，由此造成的环境健康风险不容忽视。
张志剑向《中国科学报》记者介绍，利用高通量耐药基因芯片技术，研究团队在猪粪便中检测到了158个耐药基因，经过蝇蛆生物转化，其中大部分耐药基因（约94个）的丰度减少了85%，防控耐药基因进入环境系统的效能十分显著。他们发现，蝇蛆肠道“微环境”显著降低了猪粪中大量潜在的耐药病原菌。而从进化学角度来看，大部分残留抗生素及耐药基因“不适应”肠道环境而得到削减。
此项研究由张志剑与中科院城市环境研究所研究员朱永官带领的研究团队，联合美国阿贡国家实验室环境微生物学Jack A Gilbert研究小组合作完成。
据悉，此前，浙江大学等科研机构与畜禽养殖企业经过近十年技术研发与工程创新，利用嗜腐性昆虫及其肠道微生物的联合作用处理畜禽养殖废弃物。其中，“新一代蝇蛆生物转化工程技术”已实现规模化生产。（来源：科学网 甘晓）
来源：科学网 甘晓
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics as veterinary feed additives is potentially contributing to a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance in agricultural farmlands via the application of antibiotic-contaminated manure. Vermicomposting of swine manure using housefly larvae is a promising biotechnology for waste reduction and control of antibiotic pollution. To determine how vermicomposting influences antibiotic resistance traits in swine manure, we explored the resistome and associated bacterial community dynamics during larvae gut transit over 6 days of treatment. In total, 94 out of 158 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were significantly attenuated (by 85%), while 23 were significantly enriched (3.9-fold) following vermicomposting. The manure-borne bacterial community showed a decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and an increase in Proteobacteria, specifically Ignatzschineria, following gut transit. ARG attenuation was significantly correlated with changes in microbial community succession, especially reduction in Clostridiales and Bacteroidales. Six genomes were assembled from the manure, vermicompost (final product) and gut samples, including Pseudomonas, Providencia, Enterococcus, Bacteroides and Alcanivorax. Transposon-linked ARGs were more abundant in gut-associated bacteria compared with those from manure and vermicompost. Further, ARG-transposon gene cassettes had a high degree of synteny between metagenomic assemblies from gut and vermicompost samples, highlighting the significant contribution of gut microbiota through horizontal gene transfer to the resistome of vermicompost. In conclusion, the larvae gut microbiome significantly influences manure-borne community succession and the antibiotic resistome during animal manure processing.
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